The World Bank has approved a $300 million (Rs84 billion) loan for the government of Punjab to enhance air quality by transitioning to cleaner transport, reducing straw burning, and implementing measures to mitigate smog in both Pakistan and India.
This funding falls under the Punjab Clean Air Programme (PCAP), which supports Punjab’s Smog Mitigation Action Plan (SMAP). The initiative aims to address air pollution across key sectors, including transport, agriculture, industry, energy, and municipal services. The primary goal is to reduce PM2.5 concentrations—a major air pollutant—particularly in Lahore, with the added benefit of reducing its cross-border impact.
Health and Environmental Benefits
The World Bank Country Director for Pakistan, Najy Benhassine, emphasized that improving air quality will help curb respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, ultimately leading to a healthier environment. The programme targets a 35% reduction in PM2.5 levels over the next decade, positively impacting the 13 million residents of Lahore Division.
Key Initiatives Under PCAP
The programme includes several targeted interventions:
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Introduction of 600 electric buses to promote a shift towards sustainable public transport.
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Investment in 5,000 super seeders to combat crop residue burning, a significant cause of seasonal smog.
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Expansion of regulatory-grade air quality monitoring stations across Punjab.
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Establishment of two new fuel testing laboratories to improve fuel quality standards.
Major Contributors to Air Pollution in Punjab
World Bank studies highlight the primary pollution sources, including:
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Industries: Coal-based boilers, brick kilns, steel mills, and power plants.
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Transport: Emissions from trucks, buses, motorcycles, and private cars.
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Agriculture: Crop residue burning, which releases fine particulate matter into the air.
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Domestic Cooking: The largest contributor to ambient air pollution, particularly from traditional cook stoves.
Regional Climate Challenges
Pakistan is one of the top 10 most climate-vulnerable countries, as outlined in the 2022 Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR). Frequent droughts, floods, and heat waves pose economic risks, with GDP losses projected at 18-20% annually by 2050. Additionally, in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Nepal, 93-97% of the population is exposed to hazardous air pollution levels.
Allocation of Funds
The $300 million loan will be distributed as follows:
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$245 million: Transport sector improvements, including expanding mass transit and removing old, polluting vehicles.
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$20 million: Agricultural sector abatement measures, incentivizing sustainable farming practices.
By implementing these comprehensive measures, Punjab aims to curb air pollution, promote public health, and create a cleaner, more sustainable environment for future generations.
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